LNCS

We introduce in this paper AMT 2.0 , a tool for qualitative and quantitative analysis of hybrid continuous and Boolean signals that combine numerical values and discrete events. The evaluation of the signals is based on rich temporal specifications expressed in extended Signal Temporal Logic (xSTL), which integrates Timed Regular Expressions (TRE) within Signal Temporal Logic (STL). The tool features qualitative monitoring (property satisfaction checking), trace diagnostics for explaining and justifying property violations and specification-driven measurement of quantitative features of the signal

Filtrage par motif temporisé : Théorie et Applications

Dynamical systems exhibit temporal behaviors that can be expressed in various sequential forms such as signals, waveforms, time series, and event sequences. Detecting patterns over such temporal behaviors is a fundamental task for understanding and assessing these systems. Since many system behaviors involve certain timing characteristics, the need to specify and detect patterns of behaviors that involves timing requirements, called timed patterns, is evident. However, this is a non-trivial task due to a number of reasons including the concurrency of subsystems and density of time.The key contribution of this thesis is in introducing and developing emph{timed pattern matching}, that is, the act of identifying segments of a given behavior that satisfy a timed pattern. We propose timed regular expressions (TREs) and metric compass logic (MCL) as timed pattern specification languages. We first develop a novel framework that abstracts the computation of time-related aspects called the algebra of timed relations. Then we provide offline matching algorithms for TRE and MCL over discrete-valued dense-time behaviors using this framework and study some practical extensions.It is necessary for some application areas such as reactive control that pattern matching needs to be performed during the actual execution of the system. For that, we provide an online matching algorithm for TREs based on the classical technique of derivatives of regular expressions. We believe the underlying technique that combines derivatives and timed relations constitutes another major conceptual contribution for timed systems research.Furthermore, we present an open-source tool Montre that implements our ideas and algorithms. We explore diverse applications of timed pattern matching over several case studies using Montre. Finally we discuss future directions and several open questions emerged as a result of this thesis.Les systèmes dynamiques présentent des comportements temporels qui peuvent être exprimés sous diverses formes séquentielles telles que des signaux, des ondes, des séries chronologiques et des suites d'événements. Détecter des motifs sur de tels comportements temporels est une tâche fondamentale pour comprendre et évaluer ces systèmes. Étant donné que de nombreux comportements du système impliquent certaines caractéristiques temporelles, le besoin de spécifier et de détecter des motifs de comportements qui implique des exigences de synchronisation, appelées motifs temporisés, est évidente.Cependant, il s'agit d'une tâche non triviale due à un certain nombre de raisons, notamment la concomitance des sous-systèmes et la densité de temps.La contribution principale de cette thèse est l'introduction et le développement du filtrage par motif temporisé, c'est-à-dire l'identification des segments d'un comportement donné qui satisfont un motif temporisé. Nous proposons des expressions rationnelles temporisées (TRE) et la logique de la boussole métrique (MCL) comme langages de spécification pour motifs temporisés. Nous développons d'abord un nouveau cadre qui abstraite le calcul des aspects liés au temps appelé l'algèbre des relations temporisées. Ensuite, nous fournissons des algorithmes du filtrage hors ligne pour TRE et MCL sur des comportements à temps dense à valeurs discrètes en utilisant ce cadre et étudions quelques extensions pratiques.Il est nécessaire pour certains domaines d'application tels que le contrôle réactif que le filtrage par motif doit être effectué pendant l'exécution réelle du système. Pour cela, nous fournissons un algorithme du filtrage en ligne pour TREs basé sur la technique classique des dérivées d'expressions rationnelles. Nous croyons que la technique sous-jacente qui combine les dérivées et les relations temporisées constitue une autre contribution conceptuelle majeure pour la recherche sur les systèmes temporisés.Nous présentons un logiciel libre Montre qui implémente nos idées et algorithmes. Nous explorons diverses applications du filtrage par motif temporisé par l'intermédiaire de plusieurs études de cas. Enfin, nous discutons des orientations futures et plusieurs questions ouvertes qui ont émergé à la suite de cette thèse

AMT 2.0: Qualitative and quantitative trace analysis with extended signal temporal logic

We introduce in this paper AMT2.0, a tool for qualitative and quantitative analysis of hybrid continuous and Boolean signals that combine numerical values and discrete events. The evaluation of the signals is based on rich temporal specifications expressed in extended signal temporal logic, which integrates timed regular expressions within signal temporal logic. The tool features qualitative monitoring (property satisfaction checking), trace diagnostics for explaining and justifying property violations and specification-driven measurement of quantitative features of the signal. We demonstrate the tool functionality on several running examples and case studies, and evaluate its performance

LNCS

Signal regular expressions can specify sequential properties of real-valued signals based on threshold conditions, regular operations, and duration constraints. In this paper we endow them with a quantitative semantics which indicates how robustly a signal matches or does not match a given expression. First, we show that this semantics is a safe approximation of a distance between the signal and the language defined by the expression. Then, we consider the robust matching problem, that is, computing the quantitative semantics of every segment of a given signal relative to an expression. We present an algorithm that solves this problem for piecewise-constant and piecewise-linear signals and show that for such signals the robustness map is a piecewise-linear function. The availability of an indicator describing how robustly a signal segment matches some regular pattern provides a general framework for quantitative monitoring of cyber-physical systems

Local Use Of Ankaferd Blood Clotter In Emergent Beating Heart Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

Background: Severe beeding which requiring massive blood transfusion after emergent beating heart surgery is shown to be 1–3%. Therefore, complications and side effects of transfusion can be seen. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Ankaferd blood clotter (ABC) as a new topical herbal blood clotter to decrease mediastinal bleeding in emergent beating heart CABG patients who medicated with clopidogrel and acetyl salisilic acite (ASA) prior to CABG surgery. Materials and Methods: 25 CABG patients received a high dose clopidogrel (600 mgr) and 300 mgr ASA have been included into the study (ABC group). 25 patients have also been included into the study for comparison (placebo group, PG). After the administration of protamine sulphate, a 10 ml of ABC solution has been sprayed to the surgical area including mediastinum and epicardial sac. We compared mediastinal drenaige, reoperation due to tamponade, and required blood and blood products in both groups. Results: The mean amount of bleeding after operation was 230 ml in ABC group, and 490 ml in CG (P=0.001). In ICU, bleeding in ABC group and CG was 410ml and 680ml, respectively (P=0.0022). The mean total bleeding from mediastinum was 530±280 mL and 990±440 mL In ABC and CG group, respectively (P=0.001). The amount of autotransfusion was as follows: 175 mL in ABC group, and 290 mL in CG (P=0.002). No patient needed the surgical revision in ABC group, but four patients (16%) from CG group because of cardiac tamponade. Seventeen patients from CG required blood transfusion due to low hematocrite level postoperatively. In CG, the mean hematocrite level was 17±2,3. Transfusion of fresh frozen plasma and platelets in ABC group and CG were as follows: 0.2 and 0 in ABC group, and 0.3and 0.4 in CG. Conclusion: Our study showed that the local use of 10 mL ABC reduces bleeding significantly. Therefore, transfusion requirements of PRBC, platelets, and total blood units in patients on clopidogrel and ASA undergoing emergent beating heart CABG. To provide cardiac tamponade because of excessive mediastinal bleeding and requirement of blood transfusion after emergent CABG patients who previously administered clopidogrel and ASA, we propose local use of ABC solution as a potent coagulant agent.PubMe